====== The Beginner's Installation Guide ======

The intention with this guide is to show a very simple way of how to boot **Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre** from an optical disk or any other medium capable, including then how to install it the easiest way possible onto your local harddrive. 

This guide will therefore only provide the basic steps to get you as user started. For a more detailed insight please have a look on the [[https://wiki.hyperbola.info/doku.php?id=en:manual:reference_installation|reference installation guide]].

===== Download and verify the live image =====

Once you have downloaded the [[en:project:downloads|Live image]] as described you should verify it following [[en:manual:verify_live_images|these guidelines]]. Make sure to change your settings in the BIOS so that your computer will boot from your chosen medium for the installation. We will mention further now two possible ways of preparations towards possible installation-mediums.

==== Write the image to your optical disk ====

To create a disk to use as your install medium, insert a blank (re-)writable disk, CD or DVD, into your disk-drive - sure to note that this drive needs therefore burning-capabilities and you have an optical drive. Next, you will need to mount the disk.

<code bash>
# mount sr0
</code>

The device <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>sr0</color> should the first or only, if you only have one disk-drive. You will need to address the correct destination for the command to work.

<code bash>
# dd if=~/hyperbola-milky-way-v0.4.4-dual.iso of=/dev/sr0 bs=2048 conv=noerror && sync
</code>

==== Write the image to your USB-device ====

Change the directory to the folder where you saved the downloaded ISO-image and type the following into your terminal:

<code bash>
# dd if=hyperbola-milky-way-v0.4.4-dual.iso of=/dev/sdb bs=2048 && sync
</code>

To find out what’s the name of the USB device, type <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>fdisk -l</color>

You’ll probably see something like this:

<code>
Device             Boot    Start                  End              Sectors               Size        Id    Type
/dev/sda1                    2048                   8390655       8388608              4G           82    Linux swap /Solaris
/dev/sda2       *          8390656             976773167  968382512          461,8G   83    Linux
</code>

<code>
Device             Boot    Start                 End              Sectors                Size        Id    Type
/dev/sdb1       *           0                         1255423      1255424               613M      0     Empty
/dev/sdb2                     172                    63659           63488                   31M        ef    EFI (FAT-12/16/32)
</code>

From the above, <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>sda</color> is your harddisk, and the <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>sdb</color> is for example your USB-device where you’re going to write your ISO-image. 

Also take a note of your partitions, you will come to need it when you’re creating the file system and mounting the root partition during the installation.

Once you’ve downloaded, verified and written the ISO-image to your preferred medium, you can move on to boot your computer from it.

===== Boot and install Hyperbola =====

Once your computer has successfully booted the chosen medium, type the following into you terminal:

<code bash>
# cfdisk /dev/sda
</code>

This will bring up a graphical partitioning tool. Use the Tab and arrow keys to navigate, use Enter for selecting an option and / or command. This is assuming that you want **Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre** installed on your local harddisk. When starting the partioniniong on a complete fresh harddisk you will first need to select the label-type for your MBR (//**M**aster **B**oot **R**ecord//). We assume in this guide that you keep it for the absolute defaults and therefore not including UEFI.

{{ :en:manual:beginners-guide_partitioning1.png | Creation of MBR }}

Delete all the partitions so that you only see the label "//Free Space//".

{{ :en:manual:beginners-guide_partitioning2.png | Initial screen for Partitioning }}

Then make a new partition by choosing "//New//" and then set it "//Primary//" within options. Make this first partition a so-called Swap-partition. Regarding the size 1/4 of you computer’s memory should be enough. So with 8 GB of memory, your Swap-partition would then be 2 GB. You will also need to change the "//Type//" towards "//Linux swap / old Solaris//".

The rest of the space should be made "//Primary//" as partition with the "//Type//" kept per default as "//Linux//", choose the "//Boot//"-flag to make this partition bootable. Then choose "//Write//" and type ’yes’ to save your changes to disk. Afterwards you are ready to use the command "//Quit//".

You will then have now the following partition-layout:

<code>
sda1       Primary  Linux  Swap / Solaris
sda2 Boot  Primary  Linux
</code>

Take note of the fact that the root-partition that you soon will mount, is the bootable one (//in this example the concurrent device named sda2//) that you made from the rest of the space after creating the Swap-partition. 

==== Create a file system ====

If you’re not using an English keyboard, you can set your language by typing <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>loadkeys</color> followed by you language. Available keymap files can be found in <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/usr/share/kbd/keymaps/</color> (//you can omit the keymap path and file extension when using <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>loadkeys</color>//). For Swedish users for example, type:

<code bash>
# loadkeys se.
</code>

To create the ext4 file system, type:

<code bash>
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2
</code>


==== Activate swap ====

You would need to write / create and activate the Swap-partition:

<code bash>
# mkswap /dev/sda1
</code>

<code bash>
# swapon /dev/sda1
</code>

==== Mount the root partition ====

Now mount your root-partition for installing the system:

<code bash>
# mount /dev/sda2 /mnt
</code>

==== Install the base system ====

To deploy all needed files and folders:

<code bash>
# pacstrap /mnt base
</code>

==== Generate an fstab ====

One of the most important files for your installed system to describe the whole file-system hierarchy:

<code bash>
# genfstab -U -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
</code>

==== Chroot and configure the base system ====

After you have finished the initial process of the installation you would need to enter your until now not finished system:

<code bash>
# arch-chroot /mnt
</code>

==== Locale ====

Type:

<code bash>
# nano /etc/locale.gen
</code>

Now choose your locale from what language you’re using. All locales are commented out (preceded by #) by default. Uncomment (//remove the #//) for your choice of locale. For US English, it should look like this:

<code bash>
# nano /etc/locale.gen
</code>

<code>
...
#en_SG ISO-8859-1
en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
#en_US ISO-8859-1
...
</code>

After you’ve uncommented your language, run the command:

<code bash>
# locale-gen
</code>

Then create the <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/etc/locale.conf</color>

<code bash>
# echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf 
</code>

Then export your chosen locale

<code bash>
# export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
</code>

==== Keymap ====

As the locale, you need to setup the keymap in the file <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/etc/conf.d/keymaps</color>: 

<code>
keymap="us"
</code>

If you have an advanced usage of your keymap, you can watch the other functionalities, documented in the comments. You can find all the available keymaps in <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/usr/share/kbd/keymaps</color>. Then run:

<code bash>
# rc-update add keymaps default
</code>

<note>This only applies for CLI, is you are using X11, this won't affect your graphical environment.</note>

==== Time zone ====

Create a symbolic link <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/etc/localtime</color> to your subzone file <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/usr/share/zoneinfo/Zone/SubZone</color>:

<code bash>
# ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Zone/SubZone /etc/localtime
</code>

Example:

<code bash>
# ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Oslo /etc/localtime
</code>

If you get <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>ln: failed to create symbolic link ’/etc/localtime’: File exists</color>, then run:

<code bash>
# ln -s -f /usr/share/zoneinfo/Zone/SubZone /etc/localtime
</code>

==== Hardware clock ====

Set the hardware clock to UTC

<code bash>
# hwclock --systohc --utc
</code>

==== Hostname ====

Usually it’s sufficient to set your hostname to localhost. 

<code bash>
# echo localhost > /etc/hostname
</code>

Add the same hostname, i.e. localhost, to <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/etc/hosts</color>.

Type:

<code bash>
# nano /etc/hosts
</code>

<code>
# <ip-address> <hostname.domain.org> <hostname>
127.0.0.1                localhost.localdomain     localhost localhost
::1                             localhost.localdomain     localhost localhost
</code>

==== Root password ====

Remember when you’re typing in your root password (as any password) into the terminal, it won’t show. Just carefully type in your chosen root password and repeat it when asked to.

<code bash>
# passwd
</code>

==== GRUB ====

Finally follow these steps:

<code bash>
# pacman -S grub
</code>

<code bash>
# grub-install --target=i386-pc --recheck /dev/sda
</code>

(Here do NOT append a partition number, i.e. <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/dev/sdaX</color>)

<code bash>
# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
</code>

==== Unmount the partitions and reboot ====

Now for the final steps:

<code bash>
# exit
</code>

<code bash>
# umount -R /mnt
</code>

<code bash>
# reboot
</code>

Remember to remove your installation medium (your USB stick) before you reboot into your system. To log in, you type **root** and your password.

Congratulations! You have now installed **Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre** onto you computer.

===== Post-installation =====

You will now have to create a user and get user privileges like doas. And of course you have to select your graphical environment. Look around in our wiki to find more information about those steps!