Xenocara

Xenocara provides a framework to host OpenBSD modifications and to automate the build of the modular X.Org components, including 3rd party packages and some software maintained by OpenBSD developers.

It includes a customised X.Org X server that utilises a dedicated _x11 user by default to drop privileges and perform privilege separation in accordance to OpenBSD's least privilege policy. Furthermore, Xenocara includes several other projects, such as cwm, a stacking window manager for the X Window System.

Xenocara can be installed with the xenocara-server package.

# pacman -S xenocara-server

Additionally, some packages from the xenocara-apps group are necessary for certain configuration tasks, they are pointed out in the relevant sections.

Finally, an xenocara group is also available, which includes Xenocara server packages, packages from the xenocara-apps group and fonts.

The Linux-libre kernel includes free video drivers and support for hardware accelerated framebuffers. However, userland support is required for OpenGL and 2D acceleration in X11.

First, identify your card:

$ lspci | grep -e VGA -e 3D

Then install an appropriate driver. You can search the package database for a complete list of free video drivers:

$ pacman -Ss xenocara-video && pacman -Ss xorg-video

Xenocara searches for installed drivers automatically:

• If it cannot find the specific driver installed for the hardware (listed below), it first searches for fbdev (xorg-video-fbdev).
• If that is not found, it searches for vesa (xenocara-video-vesa), the generic driver, which handles a large number of chipsets but does not include any 2D or 3D acceleration.
• If vesa is not found, Xenocara will fall back to kernel mode setting, which includes GLAMOR acceleration (see modesetting(4)).

In order for video acceleration to work, and often to expose all the modes that the GPU can set, a proper video driver is required:

Other video drivers can be found in the xenocara-drivers group.

Xenocara should run smoothly with fully free software drivers. The exceptions to this rule are recent GPUs (especially NVIDIA GPUs), that are not supported. If it is the case, use the default Xenocara driver which includes GLAMOR acceleration (see modesetting(4)).

The Xorg(1) command is usually not run directly, instead the X server is started with either a display manager or xinit.

The xinit program allows an user to manually start an Xenocara display server. The startx(1) script is a front-end for xinit(1).

xinit is typically used to start window managers or desktop environments.

Install the xenocara-xinit package.

# pacman -S xenocara-xinit

~/.xinitrc is handy to run programs depending on X and set environment variables on X server startup. If it is present in a user's home directory, startx and xinit execute it. Otherwise startx will run the default /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc.

This default xinitrc will start a basic environment with xenocara-twm, xenocara-xclock and xterm (assuming that the necessary packages are installed).

Therefore, to start a different window manager or desktop environment, first create a copy of the default xinitrc in your home directory:

$ cp /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc ~/.xinitrc

Then edit the file and replace the default programs with desired commands. Remember that lines following a command using exec would be ignored. For example, to start xscreensaver in the background and then start openbox, use the following:

$ ~/.xinitrc
 
...
xscreensaver &
exec openbox-session

To run Xorg as a regular user:

$ startx

Xenocara uses a configuration file called xorg.conf and files ending in the suffix .conf for its initial setup: the complete list of the folders where these files are searched can be found in xorg.conf(5), together with a detailed explanation of all the available options.

The /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/ directory stores host-specific configuration. You are free to add configuration files there, but they must have a .conf suffix: the files are read in ASCII order, and by convention their names start with XX- (two digits and a hyphen, so that for example 10 is read before 20). These files are parsed by the X server upon startup and are treated like part of the traditional xorg.conf configuration file. Note that on conflicting configuration, the file read last will be processed. For that reason the most generic configuration files should be ordered first by name. The configuration entries in the xorg.conf file are processed at the end.

For option examples to set, see also the Fedora wiki.

Xorg can also be configured via /etc/X11/xorg.conf or /etc/xorg.conf. You can also generate a skeleton for xorg.conf with:

# Xorg :0 -configure

This should create a xorg.conf.new file in /root/ that you can copy over to /etc/X11/xorg.conf.

# Xorg :2 -configure

For input devices the X server defaults to the libinput driver (xorg-input-libinput), but xorg-input-evdev and related drivers are available as alternative.

eudev will detect hardware and both drivers will act as hotplugging input driver for almost all devices, as defined in the default configuration files 10-quirks.conf and 40-libinput.conf in the /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/ directory.

After starting X server, the log file will show which driver hotplugged for the individual devices (note the most recent log file name may vary):

$ grep -e "Using input driver " Xorg.0.log

If both do not support a particular device, install the needed driver from the xenocara-drivers group. The same applies, if you want to use another driver.

For specific instructions, see the Fedora wiki entry for more examples.

This wiki article is based on ArchWiki. We may have removed non-FSDG bits from it.