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en:manual:reference_installation [2022/03/21 23:27] i3_relativism fix subtitle braille support |
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- | ======= The Installation Guide ======= | + | ====== The Installation Guide ====== |
+ | The intention of this reference Guide is to assist users in the process of installing **Hyperbola GNU/ | ||
- | The intention of this reference Guide is to assist users in the process of installing **Hyperbola GNU/ | + | ==== Blind and visually impaired users ==== |
- | + | [[en: | |
- | ===== Blind and visually impaired users ===== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | There is a ISO called | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===== Braille Support ===== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | [[en: | + | |
The brltty boot-time parameter consists of three comma-separated fields: **driver**, **device**, and **table**. | The brltty boot-time parameter consists of three comma-separated fields: **driver**, **device**, and **table**. | ||
Line 21: | Line 15: | ||
Once <color # | Once <color # | ||
- | ====== | + | ===== Create bootable image ===== |
+ | ==== Download live image ==== | ||
- | ===== Download and verify the live image ===== | + | Make sure to change your BIOS settings so that your computer will boot from your optical disk or USB stick. |
- | + | ||
- | Once you have downloaded the [[en: | + | |
Download the new **Hyperbola ISO** from the [[en: | Download the new **Hyperbola ISO** from the [[en: | ||
* Instead of six different images we only provide a **single one** which can be booted into an **i686** and **x86_64** live system to install **Hyperbola GNU/ | * Instead of six different images we only provide a **single one** which can be booted into an **i686** and **x86_64** live system to install **Hyperbola GNU/ | ||
+ | | ||
+ | === Verify the live image ==== | ||
+ | Once you have downloaded the [[en: | ||
+ | |||
* Install images are **signed** and it is highly recommend to **verify their signature** before use. On **Hyperbola**, | * Install images are **signed** and it is highly recommend to **verify their signature** before use. On **Hyperbola**, | ||
* The image can be burned to a **CD**, mounted as an **ISO** file, or directly written to a **USB stick** using a utility like <color # | * The image can be burned to a **CD**, mounted as an **ISO** file, or directly written to a **USB stick** using a utility like <color # | ||
- | ===== Writing a Hyperbola ISO image to an USB drive ===== | + | ==== Writing a Hyperbola ISO image to an USB drive ==== |
- | + | === Burn the image to your optical disk === | |
- | ==== Burn the image to your optical disk ==== | + | |
To create a disk to use as your install medium, insert a blank or re-writable disk, CD or DVD, into your disk drive. Next, you will need to mount the disk. | To create a disk to use as your install medium, insert a blank or re-writable disk, CD or DVD, into your disk drive. Next, you will need to mount the disk. | ||
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<code bash> | <code bash> | ||
- | # dd if=~/ | + | # dd if=~/ |
</ | </ | ||
- | ==== Write the image to your USB ==== | + | === Write the image to your USB === |
If you don’t have an ISO writer, go (change directory) to the folder where you saved the downloaded Live image (probably the Downloads folder) and type the following into your terminal: | If you don’t have an ISO writer, go (change directory) to the folder where you saved the downloaded Live image (probably the Downloads folder) and type the following into your terminal: | ||
<code bash> | <code bash> | ||
- | # dd if=hyperbola-milky-way-v0.2.1-dual.iso of=/dev/sdb bs=2048 && sync | + | # dd if=hyperbola-milky-way-v0.4.3-dual.iso of=/dev/sdb bs=2048 && sync |
</ | </ | ||
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Once you’ve downloaded, verified and written the Live image to your USB device, you can move on to boot your computer from your USB. | Once you’ve downloaded, verified and written the Live image to your USB device, you can move on to boot your computer from your USB. | ||
- | |||
<code bash> | <code bash> | ||
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< | < | ||
- | ====== Internet Connection | + | ===== Internet Connection ===== |
- | ===== Connect to the Internet | + | ==== Connect to the Internet ==== |
<note warning> | <note warning> | ||
Line 100: | Line 93: | ||
# rc-service dhcpcd stop | # rc-service dhcpcd stop | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | |||
- | For more information read [[https:// | ||
The [[https:// | The [[https:// | ||
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If you get a <color # | If you get a <color # | ||
- | ==== Wired ==== | + | === Wired === |
Follow this procedure if you need to set up a wired connection via a **static IP address**. | Follow this procedure if you need to set up a wired connection via a **static IP address**. | ||
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< | < | ||
- | Currently, you may include a maximum of three nameserver lines. In order to overcome this limitation, you can use a locally caching nameserver like [[https:// | + | Currently, you may include a maximum of three nameserver lines. In order to overcome this limitation, you can use a locally caching nameserver like **Dnsmasq**. |
</ | </ | ||
- | You should now have a working network connection. If you do not, check the detailed [[https:// | + | You should now have a working network connection. |
- | ==== Wireless | + | === Wireless === |
Follow this procedure if you need **wireless connectivity (Wi-Fi)** during the installation process. | Follow this procedure if you need **wireless connectivity (Wi-Fi)** during the installation process. | ||
Line 238: | Line 229: | ||
< | < | ||
- | If you do not see output similar to this, then your wireless driver has not been loaded. Please see [[https:// | + | If you do not see output similar to this, then your wireless driver has not been loaded. |
</ | </ | ||
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</ | </ | ||
- | Then, your wireless chipset could need a <color # | + | Then, your wireless chipset could need a <color # |
</ | </ | ||
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</ | </ | ||
- | ==== ADSL with PPPoE/ | + | === ADSL with PPPoE/PPPoA === |
Follow this procedure if you need **ADSL with PPPoE/ | Follow this procedure if you need **ADSL with PPPoE/ | ||
Line 360: | Line 351: | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | ==== Behind a proxy server | + | === Behind a proxy server === |
- | If you are behind a proxy server, you will need to export the <color # | + | If you are behind a proxy server, you will need to export the <color # |
- | ====== Installation ====== | + | ===== Installation ===== |
+ | ==== Partition disks ==== | ||
- | ===== Partition disks ===== | + | <note important> |
+ | These instructions assume that you are using MBR (Master Boot Record) as the partitioning scheme for your installation disk. Installation on a GPT-based disk is slightly different than the process described here. | ||
+ | </ | ||
Once your computer has successfully booted into the Live USB device, type the following into you terminal: | Once your computer has successfully booted into the Live USB device, type the following into you terminal: | ||
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Take note of the fact that the root partition that you soon will mount, is the bootable one (in this example the sda2) that you made from the rest of the space after creating the Swap partition. | Take note of the fact that the root partition that you soon will mount, is the bootable one (in this example the sda2) that you made from the rest of the space after creating the Swap partition. | ||
- | See [[https:// | + | Remember to create any stacked block devices like **LUKS**, or **RAID**. |
- | + | ||
- | Remember to create any stacked block devices like [[https:// | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===== System Configuration ===== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ==== Activate swap ==== | + | |
+ | ==== System Configuration ==== | ||
+ | === Activate swap === | ||
<code bash> | <code bash> | ||
# mkswap /dev/sda1 | # mkswap /dev/sda1 | ||
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</ | </ | ||
- | ==== Mount the root partition ==== | + | === Keyboard layout === |
- | + | ||
- | <code bash> | + | |
- | # mount /dev/sda2 /mnt | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ==== Keyboard layout ==== | + | |
For many countries and keyboard types appropriate keymaps are available already, and a command like <color # | For many countries and keyboard types appropriate keymaps are available already, and a command like <color # | ||
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</ | </ | ||
- | ===== Format the partitions | + | ==== Format the partitions ==== |
- | See [[https:// | + | If you are using (U)EFI you will most probably need another partition to host the UEFI System partition. |
- | + | ||
- | If you are using (U)EFI you will most probably need another partition to host the UEFI System partition. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ==== Create a file system ==== | + | |
+ | === Create a file system === | ||
To create the ext4 file system, type: | To create the ext4 file system, type: | ||
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</ | </ | ||
- | ==== Mount the partitions | + | === Mount the partitions === |
- | We now must mount the root partition on <color # | + | We now must mount the root partition on <color # |
+ | === Mount the root partition === | ||
+ | <code bash> | ||
+ | # mount /dev/sda2 /mnt | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | + | ==== Verification of system-date | |
- | ----------------------------------------------------------- | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===== Verification of package signatures | + | |
- | + | ||
- | New packager keys are necessary by default to install **Hyperbola** from current ISOs. Because changes in existing keys might happen since rthe ISO release, it is recommended, | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <note important> | + | |
- | Keep in mind these steps will fail if your system is not set to the correct time, or if you are not connected to the internet. See [[en: | + | |
- | </ | + | |
To check that your computer has the correct time, enter <color # | To check that your computer has the correct time, enter <color # | ||
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</ | </ | ||
- | Once the date is correct, we need to initialize the gnupg directory and update pacman' | + | ==== Base system installation ==== |
- | + | ||
- | <code bash> | + | |
- | # pacman-key --init | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <code bash> | + | |
- | # mount -o remount, | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <code bash> | + | |
- | # pacman-key --populate hyperbola | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <code bash> | + | |
- | # pacman-key --refresh-keys | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | If you get GPG errors updating those packages, you can try running these commands to start over: | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <code bash> | + | |
- | # rm -r / | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <code bash> | + | |
- | # pacman-key --init | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <code bash> | + | |
- | # pacman-key --populate hyperbola | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <code bash> | + | |
- | # pacman-key --refresh-keys | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | If you get an error related to <color # | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <code bash> | + | |
- | # mkdir / | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | For the time being, running the previous command might also be needed in the newly installed system. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===== Base system installation ===== | + | |
< | < | ||
</ | </ | ||
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You can install additional packages passing <color # | You can install additional packages passing <color # | ||
- | < | + | <note> You can also use package group **base-devel** to include developement and contribution tools </ |
+ | |||
+ | <note warning> | ||
If you have a **btrfs root**, you probably want to install also [[https:// | If you have a **btrfs root**, you probably want to install also [[https:// | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | < | + | ==== Wireless tools installation ==== |
- | If you face GPG errors when running, you can try to fix them with: | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <code bash> | + | |
- | # rm -r / | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <code bash> | + | |
- | # pacman-key --init | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <code bash> | + | |
- | # pacman-key --populate hyperbola arch | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <code bash> | + | |
- | # pacman-key --refresh-keys | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===== Bootloader installation and configuration ===== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ==== GRUB ==== | + | |
- | ==== GRUB ==== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Finally follow these steps: | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <code bash> | + | |
- | # pacman -S grub | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <code bash> | + | |
- | # grub-install --target=i386-pc --recheck /dev/sda | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | (Here do NOT append a partition number, i.e. <color # | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <code bash> | + | |
- | # grub-mkconfig -o / | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | * To configure the bootloader, you have to install it and generate the file <color # | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <code bash> | + | |
- | # grub-install /dev/sdX | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <note important> | + | |
- | If you want to [[en: | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <code bash> | + | |
- | grub-install --no-bootsector /dev/sdX | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <code bash> | + | |
- | # grub-mkconfig -o / | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | * For BIOS and EFI: | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <code bash> | + | |
- | # pacstrap /mnt grub | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | * Install GRUB after chrooting (refer to the [[en: | + | |
- | + | ||
- | See [[https:// | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ==== Syslinux ==== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <code bash> | + | |
- | # pacstrap /mnt syslinux | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | See [[https:// | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===== Wireless tools installation ===== | + | |
If your wireless network is WPA protected, you'll need [[https:// | If your wireless network is WPA protected, you'll need [[https:// | ||
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</ | </ | ||
- | ===== System configuration ===== | + | ==== System configuration ==== |
- | + | === Generate an fstab === | |
- | ==== Generate an fstab ==== | + | |
<code bash> | <code bash> | ||
# genfstab -U -p /mnt >> / | # genfstab -U -p /mnt >> / | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | Generate a [[https:// | + | Generate a **fstab** with the following command (if you prefer to use UUIDs or labels, add the <color # |
<code bash> | <code bash> | ||
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</ | </ | ||
- | ==== Chroot and configure the base system ==== | + | === Chroot and configure the base system === |
- | + | Next we need to enter directly | |
- | Next we [[https:// | + | |
<code bash> | <code bash> | ||
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</ | </ | ||
- | * Write your hostname to <color # | + | === Hostname === |
- | + | ||
- | ==== Hostname ==== | + | |
Usually it’s sufficient to set your hostname to localhost. | Usually it’s sufficient to set your hostname to localhost. | ||
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- | <code bash> | + | === Locale === |
- | # echo myhostname > / | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | * Symlink <color # | + | Type the following |
- | + | ||
- | <code bash> | + | |
- | # ln -s / | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | * Set [[en: | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ==== Locale ==== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Type: | + | |
<code bash> | <code bash> | ||
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Now choose your locale from what language you’re using. All locales are commented out (preceded by #) by default. Uncomment (remove the #) for your choice of locale. For US English, it should look like this: | Now choose your locale from what language you’re using. All locales are commented out (preceded by #) by default. Uncomment (remove the #) for your choice of locale. For US English, it should look like this: | ||
- | |||
- | <code bash> | ||
- | # nano / | ||
- | </ | ||
< | < | ||
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</ | </ | ||
- | Then create | + | Then check the file <color # |
<code bash> | <code bash> | ||
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</ | </ | ||
- | Then export your chosen locale | + | Then export your chosen locale, just in case for your current session |
<code bash> | <code bash> | ||
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</ | </ | ||
+ | Add console keymap and font preferences in <color # | ||
- | * Add console keymap and font preferences in <color # | + | === Keymap === |
- | + | ||
- | ==== Keymap ==== | + | |
As the locale, you need to setup the keymap in the file <color # | As the locale, you need to setup the keymap in the file <color # | ||
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< | < | ||
- | + | === Time zone === | |
- | * Uncomment the selected locale in <color # | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | ==== Time zone ==== | + | |
Create a symbolic link <color # | Create a symbolic link <color # | ||
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</ | </ | ||
- | + | === Hardware clock === | |
- | ==== Hardware clock ==== | + | |
Set the hardware clock to UTC | Set the hardware clock to UTC | ||
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</ | </ | ||
- | + | === Root password === | |
- | ==== Root password ==== | + | |
Remember when you’re typing in your root password (as any password) into the terminal, it won’t show. Just carefully type in your chosen root password and repeat it when asked to. | Remember when you’re typing in your root password (as any password) into the terminal, it won’t show. Just carefully type in your chosen root password and repeat it when asked to. | ||
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</ | </ | ||
* Set a root password with <color # | * Set a root password with <color # | ||
- | * Add your user to the relevant | + | * Add your user to the relevant |
<code bash> | <code bash> | ||
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</ | </ | ||
+ | ------------------------------ | ||
+ | ==== Bootloader installation and configuration ==== | ||
+ | === GRUB === | ||
+ | Finally follow these steps: | ||
+ | <code bash> | ||
+ | # pacman -S grub | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | * Configure <color # | ||
- | |||
<code bash> | <code bash> | ||
- | # mkinitcpio | + | # grub-install |
</ | </ | ||
- | < | + | < |
+ | Here do NOT append | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | * If you want to install | + | To configure the bootloader, |
- | * The computer booted in (U)EFI mode (if <color # | + | |
- | * The efivars module is loaded. (<color # | + | |
+ | <code bash> | ||
+ | # grub-mkconfig -o / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | === Syslinux === | ||
- | * Configure the network again for newly installed environment. See [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Network_Configuration|Network Configuration]] and [[https://wiki.parabola.nu/Wireless_Setup|Wireless Setup]]. | + | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SYSLINUX|Syslinux]] is a collection of boot loaders capable of booting from drives, CDs, and over the network via PXE. Install the **[[https://www.hyperbola.info/packages/? |
- | <note tip> | + | <code bash> |
- | If you are following the [[en: | + | # pacstrap /mnt syslinux |
- | </note> | + | </code> |
- | ==== Configure speech support (for blind and visually impaired users) ==== | + | For further details refer to the [[https:// |
- | If you are using [[en: | + | === Create RAM-disk === |
- | + | ||
- | * Install [[https:// | + | |
- | * Enable the espeakup service by executing: | + | |
+ | Configure <color # | ||
+ | |||
<code bash> | <code bash> | ||
- | # rc-update add espeakup default | + | # mkinitcpio |
</ | </ | ||
- | | + | < |
- | <code bash> | + | If you want to install GRUB for the (U)EFI mode, you will need to make sure that: |
- | # alsactl store | + | * The computer booted in (U)EFI mode (if <color # |
- | </code> | + | * The efivars module is loaded. (< |
- | + | ||
- | ==== Unmount and reboot ==== | + | |
+ | === Unmount and reboot === | ||
If you are still in the chroot environment type <color # | If you are still in the chroot environment type <color # | ||
<code bash> | <code bash> | ||
Line 853: | Line 678: | ||
Congratulations! You have now installed **Hyperbola GNU/ | Congratulations! You have now installed **Hyperbola GNU/ | ||
- | ====== Post-installation ====== | + | ===== Post-installation ===== |
+ | You will now have to create a user and get user privileges like doas. And of course, you will have to install your favourite desktop. | ||
- | You will now have to create a user and get user privileges like doas. And of course, you will have to install your favourite Desktop Environment (DE). | + | === Configure pacman === |
+ | Edit <color # | ||
+ | === Update the system === | ||
+ | At this point you should update your system. | ||
- | ==== Configure | + | <code bash> |
+ | # pacman | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | Edit <color # | + | === Add an user and groups for privileges === |
+ | Finally, add a normal user. | ||
- | See [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/ | + | <code bash> |
+ | # useradd -g users -m -s /bin/bash < | ||
+ | </code> | ||
- | ==== Update | + | You should consider |
- | At this point you should update your system. | + | <code bash> |
+ | # usermod -aG video < | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | See [[https:// | + | <code bash> |
+ | # usermod -aG audio < | ||
+ | </code> | ||
- | ==== Add an user ==== | + | <code bash> |
+ | # usermod -aG sys < | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | Finally, add a normal user as described in [[https:// | + | <code bash> |
+ | # usermod -aG storage < | ||
+ | </code> | ||
- | ===== Service management ===== | + | <code bash> |
+ | # usermod -aG optical < | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | Since Hyperbola [[https:// | + | <code bash> |
+ | # usermod | ||
+ | </code> | ||
- | ====== Conclusion ====== | + | <code bash> |
+ | # usermod -aG network < | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | Your new **Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre** base system is now a **functional GNU/Linux environment**. | + | <code bash> |
+ | # usermod | ||
+ | </code> | ||
- | ====== | + | If you want to access for updating: |
+ | |||
+ | <code bash> | ||
+ | # usermod -aG wheel < | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Please remember also that to execute and access installed free, libre games you need another group-membership: | ||
+ | |||
+ | <code bash> | ||
+ | # usermod -aG games < | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ==== Service management | ||
+ | Since Hyperbola is oriented on init-freedom, | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Conclusion ===== | ||
+ | Your new **Hyperbola GNU/ | ||
- | This wiki article is based on **ArchWiki**, | + | ===== Acknowledgement ===== |
+ | This wiki article is based on **[[https:// |