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en:manual:reference_installation [2022/03/21 23:28]
i3_relativism 		en:manual:reference_installation [2024/03/26 23:21] (current)
throgh
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-======= The Installation Guide ======= +====== The Installation Guide ====== 
-The intention of this reference Guide is to assist users in the process of installing **Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre** from the live system booted with the official installation image. This page assumes you have some **level of experience** with GNU/Linux systems and utilities, especially with the command line. If you'd like a assited, step-by-step guide through the installation process, see the [[en:manual:beginner_installation|Beginners guide]]. Before beginning, we recommend you also check our [[en:project:faq|Frequently Asked Questions]], the [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Frequently_asked_questions|Arch FAQ]], and employ the <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>man ''command''</color> to read the man page of any command they are not familiar with. The Hyperbola wiki (known as **HyperWiki**), as well as the **ArchWiki**, should be the primary source of information and your first resource during trouble-shooting. +The intention of this reference Guide is to assist users in the process of installing **Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre** from the live system booted with the official installation image. This page assumes you have some **level of experience** with GNU/Linux systems and utilities, especially with the command line. Before beginning, we recommend you to employ the <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>man ''command''</color> to read the man page of any command they are not familiar with. The Hyperbola wiki (known as **HyperWiki**) should be the primary source of information and your first resource during trouble-shooting. 
  
-===== Blind and visually impaired users ===== +==== Blind and visually impaired users ==== 
-There is a ISO called [[en:project:downloads#HyperTalking]] that is a derivative install CD based on **TalkingArch** and a respin of the Hyperbola ISO modified to include speech and braille output. +[[en:project:downloads#Hyperbola]] includes **brltty**, for those who own braille displays.  The [[https://www.hyperbola.info/packages/?q=brltty|brltty]] package available on the CD was compiled with as few dependencies as possible. If you wish to use braille, you will need to supply the brltty parameter at the boot prompt.  Alternatively, you can start <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>brltty</color> from the shell, after the system has booted.
-===== Braille Support ===== +
-[[en:project:downloads#HyperTalking]] includes **brltty**, for those who own braille displays.  The [[https://www.hyperbola.info/packages/?q=brltty|brltty]] package available on the [[en:project:downloads#HyperTalking]] CD was compiled with as few dependencies as possible. If you wish to use braille, you will need to supply the brltty parameter at the boot prompt.  Alternatively, you can start <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>brltty</color> from the shell, after the system has booted.+
  
 The brltty boot-time parameter consists of three comma-separated fields: **driver**, **device**, and **table**.  The first is the driver for your display, the second is the name of the device file, and the third is a relative path to a translation table.  You can use "<color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>auto</color>" to specify that the driver should be automatically detected.  I encourage you to read the <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>brltty</color> documentation for a fuller explanation of the program. The brltty boot-time parameter consists of three comma-separated fields: **driver**, **device**, and **table**.  The first is the driver for your display, the second is the name of the device file, and the third is a relative path to a translation table.  You can use "<color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>auto</color>" to specify that the driver should be automatically detected.  I encourage you to read the <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>brltty</color> documentation for a fuller explanation of the program.
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 Once <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>brltty</color> is running, you may wish to disable speech.  You can do so via the "<color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>print screen</color>" key, also known as <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>sysrq</color>.  On my qwerty keyboard, that key is located directly above the insert key, between F12 and scroll lock. Once <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>brltty</color> is running, you may wish to disable speech.  You can do so via the "<color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>print screen</color>" key, also known as <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>sysrq</color>.  On my qwerty keyboard, that key is located directly above the insert key, between F12 and scroll lock.
  
-====== Download ====== +===== Create bootable image ===== 
-===== Download and verify the live image ===== +==== Download live image ==== 
-Once you have downloaded the [[en:project:downloads|Live image]] as described you should verify it following [[en:manual:verify_live_images|these guidelines]]. Make sure to change your BIOS settings so that your computer will boot from your optical disk or USB stick.+ 
 +Make sure to change your BIOS settings so that your computer will boot from your optical disk or USB stick.
  
 Download the new **Hyperbola ISO** from the [[en:project:downloads|download page]]. Download the new **Hyperbola ISO** from the [[en:project:downloads|download page]].
   * Instead of six different images we only provide a **single one** which can be booted into an **i686** and **x86_64** live system to install **Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre** over the network.   * Instead of six different images we only provide a **single one** which can be booted into an **i686** and **x86_64** live system to install **Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre** over the network.
 +  
 +=== Verify the live image ====
 +Once you have downloaded the [[en:project:downloads|Live image]] as described you should verify it following: {{page>en:manual:verify_live_images}}.
 +
   * Install images are **signed** and it is highly recommend to **verify their signature** before use. On **Hyperbola**, this can be done by using <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>pacman-key -v <iso-file>.sig</color>   * Install images are **signed** and it is highly recommend to **verify their signature** before use. On **Hyperbola**, this can be done by using <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>pacman-key -v <iso-file>.sig</color>
   * The image can be burned to a **CD**, mounted as an **ISO** file, or directly written to a **USB stick** using a utility like <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>dd</color>. It is intended for new installations only; an existing **Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre** system can always be updated with <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>pacman -Syu</color>.   * The image can be burned to a **CD**, mounted as an **ISO** file, or directly written to a **USB stick** using a utility like <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>dd</color>. It is intended for new installations only; an existing **Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre** system can always be updated with <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>pacman -Syu</color>.
  
-===== Writing a Hyperbola ISO image to an USB drive ===== +==== Writing a Hyperbola ISO image to an USB drive ==== 
-==== Burn the image to your optical disk ====+=== Burn the image to your optical disk ===
 To create a disk to use as your install medium, insert a blank or re-writable disk, CD or DVD, into your disk drive. Next, you will need to mount the disk. To create a disk to use as your install medium, insert a blank or re-writable disk, CD or DVD, into your disk drive. Next, you will need to mount the disk.
  
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 <code bash> <code bash>
-# dd if=~/hyperbola-milky-way-v0.2.1-dual.iso of=/dev/sr0 bs=2048 conv=noerror && sync+# dd if=~/hyperbola-milky-way-v0.4.3-dual.iso of=/dev/sr0 bs=2048 conv=noerror && sync
 </code> </code>
  
-==== Write the image to your USB ====+=== Write the image to your USB ===
 If you don’t have an ISO writer, go (change directory) to the folder where you saved the downloaded Live image (probably the Downloads folder) and type the following into your terminal: If you don’t have an ISO writer, go (change directory) to the folder where you saved the downloaded Live image (probably the Downloads folder) and type the following into your terminal:
  
 <code bash> <code bash>
-# dd if=hyperbola-milky-way-v0.2.1-dual.iso of=/dev/sdb bs=2048 && sync+# dd if=hyperbola-milky-way-v0.4.3-dual.iso of=/dev/sdb bs=2048 && sync
 </code> </code>
  
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 Once you’ve downloaded, verified and written the Live image to your USB device, you can move on to boot your computer from your USB. Once you’ve downloaded, verified and written the Live image to your USB device, you can move on to boot your computer from your USB.
- 
  
 <code bash> <code bash>
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 <note>''**[usb device file]**'' is the path to the **USB device** file. <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>dmesg</color> or <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>lsblk --fs</color> can be used to learn this path. It is often similar to device filenames of storage devices like hard drives and SSDs, e.g. <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/dev/sdb</color> '''**It is very important to use the correct value**''' to avoid overwriting other storage devices.</note> <note>''**[usb device file]**'' is the path to the **USB device** file. <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>dmesg</color> or <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>lsblk --fs</color> can be used to learn this path. It is often similar to device filenames of storage devices like hard drives and SSDs, e.g. <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/dev/sdb</color> '''**It is very important to use the correct value**''' to avoid overwriting other storage devices.</note>
  
-====== Internet Connection ======+===== Internet Connection =====
  
-===== Connect to the Internet =====+==== Connect to the Internet ====
  
 <note warning>As of v197, **udev** no longer assigns network interface names according to the **wlanX** and **ethX** naming scheme. If you are coming from a different distribution or are reinstalling **Hyperbola** and not aware of the new interface naming style, please do not assume that your wireless interface is named <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>wlan0</color>, or that your wired interface is named <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>eth0</color>. You can use the command <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>ip link</color> to discover the names of your interfaces.</note> <note warning>As of v197, **udev** no longer assigns network interface names according to the **wlanX** and **ethX** naming scheme. If you are coming from a different distribution or are reinstalling **Hyperbola** and not aware of the new interface naming style, please do not assume that your wireless interface is named <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>wlan0</color>, or that your wired interface is named <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>eth0</color>. You can use the command <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>ip link</color> to discover the names of your interfaces.</note>
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 # rc-service dhcpcd stop # rc-service dhcpcd stop
 </code> </code>
- 
-For more information read [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Network_configuration|Configuring Network]]. 
  
 The [[https://www.hyperbola.info/packages/?q=dhcpcd|dhcpcd]] network daemon starts automatically during boot and it will attempt to start a wired connection. Try to ping a server to see if a connection was established. For example, gnu.org: The [[https://www.hyperbola.info/packages/?q=dhcpcd|dhcpcd]] network daemon starts automatically during boot and it will attempt to start a wired connection. Try to ping a server to see if a connection was established. For example, gnu.org:
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 If you get a <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>ping: unknown host error</color>, first check if there is an issue with your cable or wireless signal strength. If not, you will need to set up the network manually, as explained below. If you get a <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>ping: unknown host error</color>, first check if there is an issue with your cable or wireless signal strength. If not, you will need to set up the network manually, as explained below.
  
-==== Wired ====+=== Wired ===
  
 Follow this procedure if you need to set up a wired connection via a **static IP address**. Follow this procedure if you need to set up a wired connection via a **static IP address**.
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 <note> <note>
-Currently, you may include a maximum of three nameserver lines. In order to overcome this limitation, you can use a locally caching nameserver like [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Dnsmasq|Dnsmasq]].+Currently, you may include a maximum of three nameserver lines. In order to overcome this limitation, you can use a locally caching nameserver like **Dnsmasq**.
 </note> </note>
  
-You should now have a working network connection. If you do not, check the detailed [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Network_Configuration|Network Configuration]] page.+You should now have a working network connection.
  
-==== Wireless ====+=== Wireless ===
  
 Follow this procedure if you need **wireless connectivity (Wi-Fi)** during the installation process. Follow this procedure if you need **wireless connectivity (Wi-Fi)** during the installation process.
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 <note> <note>
-If you do not see output similar to this, then your wireless driver has not been loaded. Please see [[https://wiki.parabola.nu/Wireless_Setup|Wireless Setup]] for more detailed information.+If you do not see output similar to this, then your wireless driver has not been loaded.
 </note> </note>
  
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 </code> </code>
  
-Then, your wireless chipset could need a <color #B90B0B/#FFDDDD>non-free firmware</color> to function. **This is not supported on Hyperbola**. Please see [[https://wiki.parabola.nu/Wireless_Setup|Wireless Setup]] if you are unsure if this is the true for your particular chipset.+Then, your wireless chipset could need a <color #B90B0B/#FFDDDD>non-free firmware</color> to function. **This is not supported on Hyperbola**.
 </note> </note>
  
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 </code> </code>
  
-==== ADSL with PPPoE/PPPoA ====+=== ADSL with PPPoE/PPPoA ===
  
 Follow this procedure if you need **ADSL with PPPoE/PPPoA** during the installation process. Follow this procedure if you need **ADSL with PPPoE/PPPoA** during the installation process.
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 </code> </code>
  
-==== Behind a proxy server ====+=== Behind a proxy server ===
  
-If you are behind a proxy server, you will need to export the <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>http_proxy</color> and <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>ftp_proxy</color> environment variables. See [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Proxy_settings|Proxy settings]] for more information.+If you are behind a proxy server, you will need to export the <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>http_proxy</color> and <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>ftp_proxy</color> environment variables.
  
-====== Installation ======+===== Installation ===== 
 +==== Partition disks ====
  
-===== Partition disks =====+<note important> 
 +These instructions assume that you are using MBR (Master Boot Record) as the partitioning scheme for your installation disk. Installation on a GPT-based disk is slightly different than the process described here. 
 +</note>
  
 Once your computer has successfully booted into the Live USB device, type the following into you terminal: Once your computer has successfully booted into the Live USB device, type the following into you terminal:
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 Take note of the fact that the root partition that you soon will mount, is the bootable one (in this example the sda2) that you made from the rest of the space after creating the Swap partition. Take note of the fact that the root partition that you soon will mount, is the bootable one (in this example the sda2) that you made from the rest of the space after creating the Swap partition.
  
-See [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Partitioning|partitioning]] for details. +Remember to create any stacked block devices like **LUKS**, or **RAID**.
- +
-Remember to create any stacked block devices like [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/LVM|LVM]], [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Dm-crypt|LUKS]], or [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/RAID|RAID]]. +
- +
-===== System Configuration ===== +
- +
-==== Activate swap ====+
  
 +==== System Configuration ====
 +=== Activate swap ===
 <code bash> <code bash>
 # mkswap /dev/sda1 # mkswap /dev/sda1
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 </code> </code>
  
-==== Mount the root partition ==== +=== Keyboard layout ===
- +
-<code bash> +
-# mount /dev/sda2 /mnt +
-</code> +
- +
-==== Keyboard layout ==== +
 For many countries and keyboard types appropriate keymaps are available already, and a command like <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>loadkeys uk</color> might do what you want. More available keymap files can be found in <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/usr/share/kbd/keymaps/</color> (you can omit the keymap path and file extension when using <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>loadkeys</color>). For many countries and keyboard types appropriate keymaps are available already, and a command like <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>loadkeys uk</color> might do what you want. More available keymap files can be found in <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/usr/share/kbd/keymaps/</color> (you can omit the keymap path and file extension when using <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>loadkeys</color>).
  
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 </code> </code>
  
-===== Format the partitions =====+==== Format the partitions ====
  
-See [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/File_systems|File Systems]] for details. +If you are using (U)EFI you will most probably need another partition to host the UEFI System partition.
- +
-If you are using (U)EFI you will most probably need another partition to host the UEFI System partition. Read [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface|Create an UEFI System Partition in GNU/Linux]]. +
- +
-==== Create a file system ====+
  
 +=== Create a file system ===
 To create the ext4 file system, type: To create the ext4 file system, type:
  
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 </code> </code>
  
-==== Mount the partitions ====+=== Mount the partitions ===
  
-We now must mount the root partition on <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/mnt</color>. You should also create directories for and mount any other partitions (<color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/mnt/boot</color>, <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/mnt/home</color>, ...) and mount your [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Swap|swap]] partition if you want them to be detected by <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>genfstab</color>.+We now must mount the root partition on <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/mnt</color>. You should also create directories for and mount any other partitions (<color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/mnt/boot</color>, <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/mnt/home</color>, ...) and mount your swap-partition if you want them to be detected by <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>genfstab</color>. 
 +=== Mount the root partition ===
  
 +<code bash>
 +# mount /dev/sda2 /mnt
 +</code>
  
- +==== Verification of system-date ====
------------------------------------------------------------ +
- +
-===== Verification of package signatures ===== +
- +
-New packager keys are necessary by default to install **Hyperbola** from current ISOs. Because changes in existing keys might happen since rthe ISO release, it is recommended, if **not mandatory**, to update the keys before attempting an install. +
- +
-<note important> +
-Keep in mind these steps will fail if your system is not set to the correct time, or if you are not connected to the internet. See [[en:manual:reference_installation#connect_to_the_internet|above]] for internet setup instructions. +
-</note>+
  
 To check that your computer has the correct time, enter <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>date</color> in the terminal. To check that your computer has the correct time, enter <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>date</color> in the terminal.
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 </code> </code>
  
-Once the date is correct, we need to initialize the gnupg directory and update pacman's keys. +==== Base system installation ====
- +
-<code bash> +
-# pacman-key --init +
-</code> +
- +
-<code bash> +
-# mount -o remount,size=100M,noatime /etc/pacman.d/gnupg +
-</code> +
- +
-<code bash> +
-# pacman-key --populate hyperbola +
-</code> +
- +
-<code bash> +
-# pacman-key --refresh-keys +
-</code> +
- +
-If you get GPG errors updating those packages, you can try running these commands to start over: +
- +
-<code bash> +
-# rm -r /etc/pacman.d/gnupg/* +
-</code> +
- +
-<code bash> +
-# pacman-key --init +
-</code> +
- +
-<code bash> +
-# pacman-key --populate hyperbola +
-</code> +
- +
-<code bash> +
-# pacman-key --refresh-keys +
-</code> +
- +
-If you get an error related to <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>dirmngr</color>, you can get rid of it with: +
- +
-<code bash> +
-# mkdir /root/.gnupg && chmod go-rx /root/.gnupg && touch /root/.gnupg/dirmngr_ldapservers.conf +
-</code> +
- +
-For the time being, running the previous command might also be needed in the newly installed system. +
- +
-===== Base system installation ===== +
 <note>Before installing, you may want to edit <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist</color> such that your preferred mirror is first. This copy of the mirrorlist will be installed on your new system by <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>pacstrap</color> as well, so it's worth getting it right. <note>Before installing, you may want to edit <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist</color> such that your preferred mirror is first. This copy of the mirrorlist will be installed on your new system by <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>pacstrap</color> as well, so it's worth getting it right.
 </note> </note>
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 You can install additional packages passing <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>base</color> and the names of these packages as arguments after the root directory of the new installation (all packages from the **base group** are installed if no package is specified). You can install additional packages passing <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>base</color> and the names of these packages as arguments after the root directory of the new installation (all packages from the **base group** are installed if no package is specified).
  
-<note>+<note> You can also use package group **base-devel** to include developement and contribution tools </note> 
 + 
 +<note warning>
 If you have a **btrfs root**, you probably want to install also [[https://www.hyperbola.info/packages/?q=btrfs-progs|btrfs-progs]]. If you have a **btrfs root**, you probably want to install also [[https://www.hyperbola.info/packages/?q=btrfs-progs|btrfs-progs]].
 </note> </note>
  
-<note> +==== Wireless tools installation ====
-If you face GPG errors when running, you can try to fix them with: +
- +
-<code bash> +
-# rm -r /etc/pacman.d/gnupg/* +
-</code> +
- +
-<code bash> +
-# pacman-key --init +
-</code> +
- +
-<code bash> +
-# pacman-key --populate hyperbola arch +
-</code> +
- +
-<code bash> +
-# pacman-key --refresh-keys +
-</code> +
- +
-===== Bootloader installation and configuration ===== +
- +
-==== GRUB ==== +
-==== GRUB ==== +
- +
-Finally follow these steps: +
- +
-<code bash> +
-# pacman -S grub +
-</code> +
- +
-<code bash> +
-# grub-install --target=i386-pc --recheck /dev/sda +
-</code> +
- +
-(Here do NOT append a partition number, i.e. <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/dev/sdaX</color>) +
- +
-<code bash> +
-# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg +
-</code> +
- +
- +
- +
-  * To configure the bootloader, you have to install it and generate the file <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>grub.cfg</color>: +
- +
-<code bash> +
-# grub-install /dev/sdX +
-</code> +
- +
-<note important> +
-If you want to [[en:manual:encrypted_installation|install GRUB on a Libreboot system]], keep in mind your system **does not use UEFI or Legacy BIOS**, but instead loads GRUB as its only payload. So you we will run this command instead: +
- +
-<code bash> +
-grub-install --no-bootsector /dev/sdX +
-</code> +
-</note> +
- +
-<code bash> +
-# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg +
-</code> +
- +
-  * For BIOS and EFI: +
- +
-<code bash> +
-# pacstrap /mnt grub +
-</code> +
- +
-  * Install GRUB after chrooting (refer to the [[en:manual:reference_installation#Configure the system]] section). +
- +
-See [[https://wiki.parabola.nu/GRUB2|GRUB]] for further details. +
- +
-==== Syslinux ==== +
- +
-<code bash>  +
-# pacstrap /mnt syslinux +
-</code> +
- +
-See [[https://wiki.parabola.nu/Syslinux|Syslinux]] for further details. +
- +
-===== Wireless tools installation ===== +
 If your wireless network is WPA protected, you'll need [[https://www.hyperbola.info/packages/?q=wpa_supplicant|wpa_supplicant]] to connect to it: If your wireless network is WPA protected, you'll need [[https://www.hyperbola.info/packages/?q=wpa_supplicant|wpa_supplicant]] to connect to it:
  
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 </code> </code>
  
-===== System configuration ===== +==== System configuration ==== 
- +=== Generate an fstab ===
-==== Generate an fstab ==== +
 <code bash> <code bash>
 # genfstab -U -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab # genfstab -U -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
 </code> </code>
  
-Generate a [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Fstab|fstab]] with the following command (if you prefer to use UUIDs or labels, add the <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>-U</color> or <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>-L</color> option, respectively):+Generate a **fstab** with the following command (if you prefer to use UUIDs or labels, add the <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>-U</color> or <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>-L</color> option, respectively):
  
 <code bash> <code bash>
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 </code> </code>
  
-==== Chroot and configure the base system ==== +=== Chroot and configure the base system === 
- +Next we need to enter directly our newly installed system:
-Next we [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Change_Root|chroot]] into our newly installed system:+
  
 <code bash> <code bash>
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 </code> </code>
  
-  * Write your hostname to <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/etc/hostname</color> +=== Hostname ===
- +
-==== Hostname ==== +
 Usually it’s sufficient to set your hostname to localhost.  Usually it’s sufficient to set your hostname to localhost. 
  
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-<code bash> +=== Locale ===
-# echo myhostname > /etc/hostname +
-</code>+
  
-  * Symlink <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/etc/localtime</color> to <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/usr/share/zoneinfo/Zone/SubZone</color>. Replace <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>Zone</color> and <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>Subzone</color> to your liking. For example: +Type the following to set locale preferences in <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/etc/locale.conf</color>
- +
-<code bash> +
-# ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Athens /etc/localtime +
-</code> +
- +
-  * Set [[en:manual:beginner_installation#locale|locale]] preferences in <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/etc/locale.conf</color> +
- +
-==== Locale ==== +
- +
-Type:+
  
 <code bash> <code bash>
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 Now choose your locale from what language you’re using. All locales are commented out (preceded by #) by default. Uncomment (remove the #) for your choice of locale. For US English, it should look like this: Now choose your locale from what language you’re using. All locales are commented out (preceded by #) by default. Uncomment (remove the #) for your choice of locale. For US English, it should look like this:
- 
-<code bash> 
-# nano /etc/locale.gen 
-</code> 
  
 <code> <code>
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 </code> </code>
  
-Then create the <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/etc/locale.conf</color>+Then check the file <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/etc/locale.conf</color>. If not existing you can create it like following up:
  
 <code bash> <code bash>
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 </code> </code>
  
-Then export your chosen locale+Then export your chosen locale, just in case for your current session
  
 <code bash> <code bash>
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 </code> </code>
  
 +Add console keymap and font preferences in <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/etc/conf.d/keymaps</color>
  
-  * Add console keymap and font preferences in <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/etc/conf.d/keymaps</color> +=== Keymap ===
- +
-==== Keymap ==== +
 As the locale, you need to setup the keymap in the file <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/etc/conf.d/keymaps</color>:  As the locale, you need to setup the keymap in the file <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/etc/conf.d/keymaps</color>: 
  
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 <note>This only applies for CLI, is you are using X11, this won't affect your graphical environment.</note> <note>This only applies for CLI, is you are using X11, this won't affect your graphical environment.</note>
  
- +=== Time zone ===
-  * Uncomment the selected locale in <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/etc/locale.gen</color> and generate it with <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>locale-gen</color> +
- +
- +
-==== Time zone ==== +
 Create a symbolic link <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/etc/localtime</color> to your subzone file <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/usr/share/zoneinfo/Zone/SubZone</color>: Create a symbolic link <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/etc/localtime</color> to your subzone file <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/usr/share/zoneinfo/Zone/SubZone</color>:
  
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 </code> </code>
  
- +=== Hardware clock ===
-==== Hardware clock ==== +
 Set the hardware clock to UTC Set the hardware clock to UTC
  
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 </code> </code>
  
- +=== Root password ===
-==== Root password ==== +
 Remember when you’re typing in your root password (as any password) into the terminal, it won’t show. Just carefully type in your chosen root password and repeat it when asked to. Remember when you’re typing in your root password (as any password) into the terminal, it won’t show. Just carefully type in your chosen root password and repeat it when asked to.
  
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 </code> </code>
 * Set a root password with <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>passwd</color> * Set a root password with <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>passwd</color>
-  * Add your user to the relevant [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Users_and_groups|group]] such as:+  * Add your user to the relevant **group** such as:
  
 <code bash> <code bash>
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 </code> </code>
  
 +------------------------------
 +==== Bootloader installation and configuration ====
 +=== GRUB ===
 +Finally follow these steps:
  
 +<code bash>
 +# pacman -S grub
 +</code>
  
- 
- 
-  * Configure <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/etc/mkinitcpio.conf</color> as needed (see [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Mkinitcpio|mkinitcpio]]) and create an initial RAM disk with: 
-  
 <code bash> <code bash>
-# mkinitcpio -p linux-libre-lts+# grub-install --target=i386-pc --recheck /dev/sdX
 </code> </code>
  
-<note>linux-libre-lts is **our default kernel** since we are a long-term support distro.</note>+<note> 
 +Here do NOT append a partition number, i.e. <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/dev/sdaX</color>) 
 +</note>
  
-  * If you want to install GRUB for the (U)EFI mode, you will need to make sure that: +To configure the bootloader, you have to install it and generate the file <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>grub.cfg</color>:
-    * The computer booted in (U)EFI mode (if <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/sys/firmware/efi</color> exist, then it booted in (U)EFI mode) +
-    * The efivars module is loaded. (<color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>modprobe efivars</color> will load it)+
  
 +<code bash>
 +# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
 +</code>
  
 +=== Syslinux ===
  
-  * Configure the network again for newly installed environment. See [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Network_Configuration|Network Configuration]] and [[https://wiki.parabola.nu/Wireless_Setup|Wireless Setup]].+[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SYSLINUX|Syslinux]] is a collection of boot loaders capable of booting from drives, CDs, and over the network via PXE. Install the **[[https://www.hyperbola.info/packages/?q=syslinux|syslinux]]**-package with the following command:
  
-<note tip> +<code bash>  
-If you are following the [[en:manual:encrypted_installation|libreboot encrypted installation]] instructions, be sure to save a copy of grub.cfg on a thumbdrive in case the one flashed to libreboot is incorrect. You can use the grub shell to boot from the extra copy. +# pacstrap /mnt syslinux 
-</note>+</code>
  
-==== Configure speech support (for blind and visually impaired users) ====+For further details refer to the [[https://wiki.parabola.nu/Syslinux|corresponding article at Parabola]].
  
-If you are using  [[en:project:downloads#HyperTalking]] and need start speech support when you boot the system, you will need to do: +=== Create RAM-disk  ===
- +
-  * Install [[https://www.hyperbola.info/packages/?q=espeakup|espeakup]] and [[https://www.hyperbola.info/packages/?q=alsa-utils|alsa-utils]]. +
-  * Enable the espeakup service by executing:+
  
 +Configure <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/etc/mkinitcpio.conf</color> as needed (//see man-page for mkinitcpio//) and create an initial RAM disk with:
 + 
 <code bash> <code bash>
-# rc-update add espeakup default+# mkinitcpio -p linux-libre-lts
 </code> </code>
  
-  * Save the state of the sound card, so that it will be retrieved on reboot:+<note>linux-libre-lts is **our default kernel** since we are a long-term support distro.</note>
  
-<code bash> +If you want to install GRUB for the (U)EFI mode, you will need to make sure that: 
-# alsactl store +    * The computer booted in (U)EFI mode (if <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/sys/firmware/efi</color> exist, then it booted in (U)EFI mode) 
-</code> +    * The efivars module is loaded. (<color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>modprobe efivars</color> will load it)
- +
-==== Unmount and reboot ====+
  
 +=== Unmount and reboot ===
 If you are still in the chroot environment type <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>exit</color> or press <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>Ctrl+D</color> in order to exit. If you are still in the chroot environment type <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>exit</color> or press <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>Ctrl+D</color> in order to exit.
 <code bash> <code bash>
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 Congratulations! You have now installed **Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre** onto you computer.  Congratulations! You have now installed **Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre** onto you computer. 
  
-====== Post-installation ======+===== Post-installation ===== 
 +You will now have to create a user and get user privileges like doas. And of course, you will have to install your favourite desktop.
  
-You will now have to create a user and get user privileges like doas. And of course, you will have to install your favourite Desktop Environment (DE). +=== Configure pacman === 
 +Edit <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/etc/pacman.conf</color> and configure pacman's options, also enabling the repositories you need.
  
 +=== Update the system ===
 +At this point you should update your system.
  
-==== Configure pacman ====+<code bash> 
 +# pacman -Syu 
 +</code>
  
-Edit <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/etc/pacman.conf</color> and configure pacman's options, also enabling the repositories you need.+=== Add an user and groups for privileges === 
 +Finally, add a normal user.
  
-See [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Pacman|Pacman]] and [[en:project:repositories]] for details.+<code bash> 
 +# useradd -g users -m -s /bin/bash <username> 
 +</code>
  
-==== Update the system ====+You should consider the following groups to be used at start:
  
-At this point you should update your system.+<code bash> 
 +# usermod -aG video <username> 
 +</code>
  
-See [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Pacman#Upgrading packages|Upgrading packages]] for instructions.+<code bash> 
 +# usermod -aG audio <username> 
 +</code>
  
-==== Add an user ====+<code bash> 
 +# usermod -aG sys <username> 
 +</code>
  
-Finally, add a normal user as described in [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Users and Groups#User management|User management]].+<code bash> 
 +# usermod -aG storage <username> 
 +</code>
  
-===== Service management =====+<code bash> 
 +# usermod -aG optical <username> 
 +</code>
  
-Since Hyperbola [[https://www.hyperbola.info/news/end-of-systemd-support/|removed entire systemd support]], we suggest you read about [[https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/OpenRC|OpenRC]] which is our main default init system.+<code bash> 
 +# usermod -aG power <username> 
 +</code>
  
-====== Conclusion ======+<code bash> 
 +# usermod -aG network <username> 
 +</code>
  
-Your new **Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre** base system is now a **functional GNU/Linux environment**.+<code bash> 
 +# usermod -aG input <username> 
 +</code>
  
-====== Acknowledgement ======+If you want to access for updating: 
 + 
 +<code bash> 
 +# usermod -aG wheel <username> 
 +</code> 
 + 
 +Please remember also that to execute and access installed free, libre games you need another group-membership: 
 + 
 +<code bash> 
 +# usermod -aG games <username> 
 +</code> 
 +==== Service management ==== 
 +Since Hyperbola is oriented on init-freedom, we suggest you read about [[https://wiki.hyperbola.info/doku.php?id=en:system:init_systems:openrc|OpenRC]] which is our main default init system. 
 + 
 +===== Conclusion ===== 
 +Your new **Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre** base system is now a **functional GNU/Linux environment**.
  
-This wiki article is based on **ArchWiki**, **GentooWiki** and **[[https://wiki.parabola.nu/|ParabolaWiki]]**. We may have removed non-[[https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html|FSDG]] bits from it.+===== Acknowledgement ===== 
 +This wiki article is based on **[[https://wiki.parabola.nu/|ParabolaWiki]]**. We may have removed non-[[https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html|FSDG]] bits from it.