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en:project:fhs [2017/09/27 01:32]
coadde created 		en:project:fhs [2023/08/03 02:38] (current)
emulatorman
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-====== About ======+====== Filesystem Hierarchy Standard ======
  
-//The **Filesystem Hierarchy Standard** (FHS) defines the main directories and their contents in GNU/Linux and other Unix-like computer operating systems.//+The **Filesystem Hierarchy Standard** (FHS) defines the main directories and their contents in GNU/Linux and other Unix-like computer operating systems.
  
 ===== Overview ===== ===== Overview =====
Line 16: Line 16:
 All files and directories appear under the root_directory "/", even if stored on different physical devices. All files and directories appear under the root_directory "/", even if stored on different physical devices.
  
-A description of the hierarchy specified in the FHS+A description of the hierarchy specified in the FHS:
  
-**/bin/**+{| border="1" style="sortable; text-align: left; width: 100%; border-collapse:collapse; color:#262627; background-color:#f8f9fa;" 
 +! style="background-color:#eaecf0" |Directory 
 +! style="background-color:#eaecf0" |Description 
 +|- 
 +|/bin 
 +|Essential user command binaries. 
 +|- 
 +|/boot 
 +|Static files of the boot loader 
 +|- 
 +|/dev 
 +|Device files 
 +|- 
 +|/etc 
 +|Host-specific system configuration 
 +|- 
 +|/etc/local 
 +|Host-specific system configuration for Local binaries 
 +|- 
 +|/etc/opt 
 +|Host-specific system configuration for Add-on application software packages 
 +|- 
 +|/home 
 +|User home directories 
 +|- 
 +|/lib 
 +|Essential shared libraries 
 +|- 
 +|/libexec 
 +|Essential binaries run by other programs (BSD descendant systems only) 
 +|- 
 +|/lib/modules 
 +|Loadable kernel modules (monolitic kernel package only) 
 +|- 
 +|/lib32 
 +|Essential shared libraries for 32bit binaries (multilib packages only) 
 +|- 
 +|/media 
 +|Mount point for removable media 
 +|- 
 +|/mnt 
 +|Mount point for temporarily mounted filesystem / Mount point for mounting a filesystem temporary 
 +|- 
 +|/opt 
 +|Add-on application software packages 
 +|- 
 +|/proc 
 +|Kernel and process information virtual filesystem (mounted with procfs) 
 +|- 
 +|/root 
 +|Home directory for the root user 
 +|- 
 +|/run 
 +|Run-time variable data / Data relevant to running processes 
 +|- 
 +|/sbin 
 +|Essential system command binaries 
 +|- 
 +|/srv 
 +|Data for services provided by this system 
 +|- 
 +|/sys 
 +|Kernel and system information virtual filesystem (Linux* kernel only; mounted with sysfs) 
 +|- 
 +|/tmp 
 +|Temporary files (mounted with tmpfs) 
 +|- 
 +|/usr 
 +|Secondary hierarchy 
 +|- 
 +|/usr/bin 
 +|Most user command binaries 
 +|- 
 +|/usr/games 
 +|Games and educational binaries 
 +|- 
 +|/usr/include 
 +|Directory for standard include files / Header files included by program languages 
 +|- 
 +|/usr/lib 
 +|Shared libraries 
 +|- 
 +|/usr/lib/games 
 +|Shared libraries for game binaries 
 +|- 
 +|/usr/lib32 
 +|Shared libraries for 32bit binaries (multilib packages only) 
 +|- 
 +|/usr/lib32/games 
 +|Shared libraries for 32bit game binaries (multilib packages only) 
 +|- 
 +|/usr/libexec 
 +|Binaries run by other programs 
 +|- 
 +|/usr/local 
 +|Local hierarchy (for personal installation only) 
 +|- 
 +|/usr/local/bin 
 +|Local user binaries 
 +|- 
 +|/usr/local/games 
 +|Local games and educational binaries 
 +|- 
 +|/usr/local/include 
 +|Local directory for standard include files / Local header files included by program languages 
 +|- 
 +|/usr/local/lib 
 +|Local shared libraries 
 +|- 
 +|/usr/local/lib/games 
 +|Local shared libraries for game binaries 
 +|- 
 +|/usr/local/lib32 
 +|Local shared libraries for 32bit binaries (multilib packages only) 
 +|- 
 +|/usr/local/lib32/games 
 +|Local shared libraries for 32bit game binaries (multilib packages only) 
 +|- 
 +|/usr/local/libexec 
 +|Local binaries run by other programs 
 +|- 
 +|/usr/local/sbin 
 +|Local system binaries 
 +|- 
 +|/usr/local/share 
 +|Local architecture-independent data 
 +|- 
 +|/usr/local/share/doc 
 +|Local miscellaneous documentation (documentation packages only) 
 +|- 
 +|/usr/local/share/games 
 +|Local static data files for game binaries 
 +|- 
 +|/usr/local/share/info 
 +|Local primary directory for GNU Info system (texinfo package only) 
 +|- 
 +|/usr/local/share/man 
 +|Local online manuals / Local manual pages 
 +|- 
 +|/usr/local/share/misc 
 +|Local miscellaneous architecture-independent data 
 +|- 
 +|/usr/local/src 
 +|Local source code (source code packages only) 
 +|- 
 +|/usr/sbin 
 +|Non-vital system command binaries 
 +|- 
 +|/usr/share 
 +|Architecture-independent data 
 +|- 
 +|/usr/share/doc 
 +|Miscellaneous documentation (documentation packages only) 
 +|- 
 +|/usr/share/games 
 +|Static data files for game binaries 
 +|- 
 +|/usr/share/info 
 +|Primary directory for GNU Info system (texinfo package only) 
 +|- 
 +|/usr/share/man 
 +|Online manuals / Manual pages 
 +|- 
 +|/usr/share/misc 
 +|Miscellaneous architecture-independent data 
 +|- 
 +|/usr/src 
 +|Source code (source code packages only) 
 +|- 
 +|/var 
 +|Variable data 
 +|- 
 +|/var/cache 
 +|Application cache data 
 +|- 
 +|/var/crash 
 +|Kernel crash dumps (Linux* kernels not supported) 
 +|- 
 +|/var/games 
 +|Variable game data 
 +|- 
 +|/var/lib 
 +|Variable state information 
 +|- 
 +|/var/lib/misc 
 +|Miscellaneous state data 
 +|- 
 +|/var/local 
 +|Variable data for Local binaries 
 +|- 
 +|/var/lock 
 +|Lock files 
 +|- 
 +|/var/log 
 +|Log files 
 +|- 
 +|/var/mail 
 +|User mailbox files 
 +|- 
 +|/var/opt 
 +|Variable data for Add-on application software packages 
 +|- 
 +|/var/spool 
 +|Application spool data 
 +|- 
 +|/var/tmp 
 +|Temporary files preserved between system reboots 
 +|}
  
-Essential command executable (**bin**aries) for all users (e.g., cat, ls, cp) +<note> 
- +The term "essential" refers from all binaries, command binaries and libraries installed in folders located directly in the root directory, not inside /usr. 
-(especially files required to boot or rescue the system)  +</note>
- +
-**/boot/** +
- +
-Boot loader, kernels and initrd files  +
- +
-**/dev/** +
- +
-**Dev**ices files (e.g., :/dev/null)  +
- +
-**/etc/** +
- +
-Host-specific system-wide configuration files (from **et** **c**etera)  +
- +
-**/home/** +
- +
-Users' **home** directories  +
- +
-**/lib/** +
- +
-**Lib**raries essential for the binaries in /bin/ and /sbin/ +
- +
-(library required to boot or rescue the system)  +
- +
-**/lost+found/** +
- +
-Some files and fragment that were "recovered" during the previous fsck (Not part of FHS)  +
- +
-**/mnt/** +
- +
-Temporarily **m**ou**nt**ed filesystems  +
- +
-**/media/** +
- +
-Mount points for removable **media** such as CD-ROMs (appeared in FHS-2.3)  +
- +
-**/opt/** +
- +
-Add-on application software packages +
- +
-Pre-compiled, non Hyperbola binary distribution (tar'ed..) goes here. +
- +
-  * /opt/bin/ : Same as for top-level hierarchy +
-  * /opt/include/ : Same as for top-level hierarchy +
-  * /opt/lib/ : Same as for top-level hierarchy +
-  * /opt/sbin/ : Same as for top-level hierarchy +
-  * /opt/share/ : Same as for top-level hierarchy  +
- +
-**/proc/** +
- +
-Virtual filesystem documenting kernel and **proc**ess status, mostly text files (e.g., uptime, network)  +
- +
-**/root/** +
- +
-Home directory for the **root** user  +
- +
-**/sbin/** +
- +
-System administrative binaries (e.g., init, route, ifup) (**s**ystem **bin**aries) +
- +
-(files required to boot or rescue the system)  +
- +
-**/tmp/** +
- +
-**T**e**mp**orary files  +
- +
-**/selinux/** +
- +
-SE-Linux runtime settings (Not part of FHS).  +
- +
-**/srv/** +
- +
-Site-specific data which is **s**e**rv**ed by the system (Not part of FHS).  +
- +
-**/sys/** +
- +
-**The** filesystem for exporting kernel objects. +
- +
-(many /proc/* files should have been here...)  +
- +
-**/usr/** +
- +
-Secondary hierarchy for shareable, read-only data (formerly from **U**NIX **s**ource **r**epository, now from **U**NIX **s**ystem **r**esources) +
- +
-(files that are **not**-required to boot or rescue the system) +
- +
-  * /usr/bin/ : Same as for top-level hierarchy +
-  * /usr/include/ : Standard **include** files +
-  * /usr/lib/ : Same as for top-level hierarchy +
-  * /usr/sbin/ : Same as for top-level hierarchy +
-  * /usr/share/ : Architecture-independent (**share**d) data +
-  * /usr/src/ : **S**ou**rc**e code (to build debian packages. see also /usr/local/src/) +
-  * /usr/X11R6/ : **X** Window System, Version **11 R**elease **6** +
-  * /usr/local/ : Tertiary hierarchy for local data installed by the system administrator +
-  * /usr/local/bin : locally compiled binaries, local shell script, etc. +
-  * /usr/local/src : **S**ou**rc**e code (place where to extract and build non debian'ized stuffs)  +
- +
-**/var/** +
- +
-**Var**iable data, such as logs, databases, websites, and temporary spool (e-mail..) files+
  
 ===== Acknowledgement ===== ===== Acknowledgement =====
  
 This wiki article is based on **DebianWiki**. We may have removed non-[[https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html|FSDG]] bits from it. This wiki article is based on **DebianWiki**. We may have removed non-[[https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html|FSDG]] bits from it.