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pt:manual:beginners [2020/04/26 04:22]
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luck02 [Write the image to your optical disk]
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 ... (WIP) ... (WIP)
 +====== Guia de Instalação do Iniciante ======
 +
 +The intention with this guide is to show a very simple way of how to boot **Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre** from an optical disk or any other medium capable, including then how to install it the easiest way possible onto your local harddrive. 
 +
 +This guide will therefore only provide the basic steps to get you as user started. For a more detailed insight please have a look on the [[https://wiki.hyperbola.info/doku.php?id=en:manual:reference_installation|reference installation guide]].
 +
 +====== O guia KISS para começar com Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre ======
 +
 +The intention with this guide is to show a very simple way of how to boot **Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre** from an optical disk or a Live USB stick and then how to install it the easiest way possible onto your HDD. It will avoid controversies like **what desktop environment is the best?**, **how many partitions do I need?** and **how many GB should my swap partition be?** and so on. This guide will only provide the basic steps to get you started. 
 +
 +===== Baixar e verificar a imagem live =====
 +
 +Once you have downloaded the [[en:project:downloads|Live image]] as described you should verify it following [[en:manual:verify_live_images|these guidelines]]. Make sure to change your BIOS settings so that your computer will boot from your optical disk or USB stick.
 +
 +==== Escreva a imagem ao seu disco óptico ====
 +
 +To create a disk to use as your install medium, insert a blank (re-)writable disk, CD or DVD, into your disk-drive - sure to note that this drive needs therefore burning-capabilities and you have an optical drive. Next, you will need to mount the disk.
 +
 +<code bash>
 +# mount sr0
 +</code>
 +
 +The device <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>sr0</color> should the first or only, if you only have one disk-drive. You will need to address the correct destination for the command to work.
 +
 +<code bash>
 +# dd if=~/hyperbola-milky-way-v0.4.4-dual.iso of=/dev/sr0 bs=2048 conv=noerror && sync
 +</code>
 +
 +
 +==== Write the image to your USB-device ====
 +
 +Change the directory to the folder where you saved the downloaded ISO-image and type the following into your terminal:
 +
 +<code bash>
 +# dd if=hyperbola-milky-way-v0.4.4-dual.iso of=/dev/sdb bs=2048 && sync
 +</code>
 +
 +To find out what’s the name of the USB device, type <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>fdisk -l</color>
 +
 +You’ll probably see something like this:
 +
 +<code>
 +Device             Boot    Start                  End              Sectors               Size        Id    Type
 +/dev/sda1                    2048                   8390655       8388608              4G           82    Linux swap /Solaris
 +/dev/sda2       *          8390656             976773167  968382512          461,8G   83    Linux
 +</code>
 +
 +<code>
 +Device             Boot    Start                 End              Sectors                Size        Id    Type
 +/dev/sdb1       *           0                         1255423      1255424               613M      0     Empty
 +/dev/sdb2                     172                    63659           63488                   31M        ef    EFI (FAT-12/16/32)
 +</code>
 +
 +From the above, <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>sda</color> is your harddisk, and the <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>sdb</color> is for example your USB-device where you’re going to write your ISO-image. 
 +
 +Also take a note of your partitions, you will come to need it when you’re creating the file system and mounting the root partition during the installation.
 +
 +Once you’ve downloaded, verified and written the ISO-image to your preferred medium, you can move on to boot your computer from it.
 +
 +===== Boot and install Hyperbola =====
 +
 +Once your computer has successfully booted the chosen medium, type the following into you terminal:
 +
 +<code bash>
 +# cfdisk /dev/sda
 +</code>
 +
 +This will bring up a graphical partitioning tool. Use the Tab and arrow keys to navigate, use Enter for selecting an option and / or command. This is assuming that you want **Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre** installed on your local harddisk. When starting the partioniniong on a complete fresh harddisk you will first need to select the label-type for your MBR (//**M**aster **B**oot **R**ecord//). We assume in this guide that you keep it for the absolute defaults and therefore not including UEFI.
 +
 +{{ :en:manual:beginners-guide_partitioning1.png | Creation of MBR }}
 +
 +Delete all the partitions so that you only see the label "//Free Space//".
 +
 +{{ :en:manual:beginners-guide_partitioning2.png | Initial screen for Partitioning }}
 +
 +Then make a new partition by choosing "//New//" and then set it "//Primary//" within options. Make this first partition a so-called Swap-partition. Regarding the size 1/4 of you computer’s memory should be enough. So with 8 GB of memory, your Swap-partition would then be 2 GB. You will also need to change the "//Type//" towards "//Linux swap / old Solaris//".
 +
 +The rest of the space should be made "//Primary//" as partition with the "//Type//" kept per default as "//Linux//", choose the "//Boot//"-flag to make this partition bootable. Then choose "//Write//" and type ’yes’ to save your changes to disk. Afterwards you are ready to use the command "//Quit//".
 +
 +You will then have now the following partition-layout:
 +
 +<code>
 +sda1       Primary  Linux  Swap / Solaris
 +sda2 Boot  Primary  Linux
 +</code>
 +
 +Take note of the fact that the root-partition that you soon will mount, is the bootable one (//in this example the concurrent device named sda2//) that you made from the rest of the space after creating the Swap-partition. 
 +
 +==== Criar um sistema de arquivos ====
 +
 +If you’re not using an English keyboard, you can set your language by typing <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>loadkeys</color> followed by you language. Available keymap files can be found in <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/usr/share/kbd/keymaps/</color> (you can omit the keymap path and file extension when using <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>loadkeys</color>). For Swedish users, type:
 +
 +<code bash>
 +# loadkeys br-abnt2
 +</code>
 +
 +To create the ext4 file system, type:
 +
 +<code bash>
 +# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2
 +</code>
 +
 +
 +==== Ativar swap ====
 +
 +<code bash>
 +# mkswap /dev/sda1
 +</code>
 +
 +<code bash>
 +# swapon /dev/sda1
 +</code>
 +
 +==== Monte a partição root ====
 +
 +<code bash>
 +# mount /dev/sda2 /mnt
 +</code>
 +
 +====Instalar o sistema base ====
 +
 +<code bash>
 +# pacstrap /mnt base
 +</code>
 +
 +<note>
 +If you face GPG errors, you can try to fix them with:
 +
 +<code bash>
 +# rm -r /etc/pacman.d/gnupg/*
 +</code>
 +
 +<code bash>
 +# pacman-key --init
 +</code>
 +
 +<code bash>
 +# pacman-key --populate hyperbola arch
 +</code>
 +
 +<code bash>
 +# pacman-key --refresh-keys
 +</code>
 +
 +</note>
 +
 +==== Gerar um fstab ====
 +
 +<code bash>
 +# genfstab -U -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
 +</code>
 +
 +==== Chroot e configurar o sistema base ====
 +
 +<code bash>
 +# arch-chroot /mnt
 +</code>
 +
 +==== Localização ====
 +
 +Tipo:
 +
 +<code bash>
 +# nano /etc/locale.gen
 +</code>
 +
 +Now choose your locale from what language you’re using. All locales are commented out (preceded by #) by default. Uncomment (remove the #) for your choice of locale. For US English, it should look like this:
 +
 +<code bash>
 +# nano /etc/locale.gen
 +</code>
 +
 +<code>
 +...
 +#en_SG ISO-8859-1
 +en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
 +#en_US ISO-8859-1
 +...
 +</code>
 +
 +After you’ve uncommented your language, run the command:
 +
 +<code bash>
 +# locale-gen
 +</code>
 +
 +Then create the <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/etc/locale.conf</color>
 +
 +<code bash>
 +# echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf 
 +</code>
 +
 +Then export your chosen locale
 +
 +<code bash>
 +# export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
 +</code>
 +
 +==== Keymap ====
 +
 +As the locale, you need to setup the keymap in the file <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/etc/conf.d/keymaps</color>: 
 +
 +<code>
 +keymap="us"
 +</code>
 +
 +If you have an advanced usage of your keymap, you can watch the other functionalities, documented in the comments. You can find all the available keymaps in <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/usr/share/kbd/keymaps</color>. Then run:
 +
 +<code bash>
 +# rc-update add keymaps default
 +</code>
 +
 +<note>This only applies for CLI, is you are using X11, this won't affect your graphical environment.</note>
 +
 +====  Horário ====
 +
 +Create a symbolic link <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/etc/localtime</color> to your subzone file <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/usr/share/zoneinfo/Zone/SubZone</color>:
 +
 +<code bash>
 +# ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Zone/SubZone /etc/localtime
 +</code>
 +
 +Example:
 +
 +<code bash>
 +# ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Oslo /etc/localtime
 +</code>
 +
 +If you get <color #620BB9/#EEDDFF>ln: failed to create symbolic link ’/etc/localtime’: File exists</color>, then run:
 +
 +<code bash>
 +# ln -s -f /usr/share/zoneinfo/Zone/SubZone /etc/localtime
 +</code>
 +
 +==== Hora do hardware ====
 +
 +Set the hardware clock to UTC
 +
 +<code bash>
 +# hwclock --systohc --utc
 +</code>
 +
 +==== Hostname ====
 +
 +Usually it’s sufficient to set your hostname to localhost. 
 +
 +<code bash>
 +# echo localhost > /etc/hostname
 +</code>
 +
 +Add the same hostname, i.e. localhost, to <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/etc/hosts</color>.
 +
 +Type:
 +
 +<code bash>
 +# nano /etc/hosts
 +</code>
 +
 +<code>
 +# <ip-address> <hostname.domain.org> <hostname>
 +127.0.0.1                localhost.localdomain     localhost localhost
 +::1                             localhost.localdomain     localhost localhost
 +</code>
 +
 +==== Senha de root ====
 +
 +Remember when you’re typing in your root password (as any password) into the terminal, it won’t show. Just carefully type in your chosen root password and repeat it when asked to.
 +
 +<code bash>
 +# passwd
 +</code>
 +
 +==== GRUB ====
 +
 +Finally follow these steps:
 +
 +<code bash>
 +# pacman -S grub
 +</code>
 +
 +<code bash>
 +# grub-install --target=i386-pc --recheck /dev/sda
 +</code>
 +
 +(Here do NOT append a partition number, i.e. <color #0B71B9/#DDF1FF>/dev/sdaX</color>)
 +
 +<code bash>
 +# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
 +</code>
 +
 +==== Desmontar as partições e reiniciar ====
 +
 +<code bash>
 +# exit
 +</code>
 +
 +<code bash>
 +# umount -R /mnt
 +</code>
 +
 +<code bash>
 +# reboot
 +</code>
 +
 +Remember to remove your installation medium (your USB stick) before you reboot into your system. To log in, you type root and your password.
 +
 +Congratulations! You have now installed **Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre** onto you computer. 
 +
 +And now for the fun part! 
 +
 +===== Pós-instalação =====
 +
 +Agora você terá que criar um usuário e obter privilégios de usuário como sudo. E, claro, você terá que instalar seu ambiente de trabalho favorito (DE).
 +
 +----
 +=> [[https://forums.hyperbola.info/viewtopic.php?id=2|Talk about Beguinners guide]] <=
 +