Ce guide a pour intention d'expliquer une façon vraiment simple de démarrer Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre depuis un disque optique ou une clé USB /live/, puis comment l'installer le plus facilement possible sur un disque dur. Il évitera les controverses telles « quel est le meilleur environnement de bureau ? », « de combien de partitions ai-je besoin ? », « quelle devra-t-être la taille de ma partition /swap/ ? », etc. Ce guide fournit uniquement les étapes les plus élémentaires pour vous lancer.

Une fois le téléchargement de l'image /live/ effectuée, vous devriez la vérifier en suivant ces recommandations. Ajustez les paramètres de votre BIOS afin que l'ordinateur puisse démarrer sur un disque optique ou une clé USB.

Pour graver un disque d'installation, insérez un CD ou DVD vierge ou ré-inscriptible dans votre lecteur, puis montez le disque avec cette commande :

# mount sr0

À condition que votre ordinateur ne possède qu'un lecteur de disque, auquel cas sr0 serait le seul point de montage pour les disques. Vous devrez passer l'adresse du bon lecteur pour que la commande fonctionne.

# dd if=~/hyperbola-milky-way-v0.2.1-dual.iso of=/dev/sr0 bs=2048 conv=noerror && sync

If you don’t have an ISO writer, go (change directory) to the folder where you saved the downloaded Live image (probably the Downloads folder) and type the following into your terminal:

# dd if=hyperbola-milky-way-v0.2.1-dual.iso of=/dev/sdb bs=2048 && sync

To find out what’s the name of the USB device, type fdisk -l

You’ll probably see something like this:

Device             Boot    Start                  End              Sectors               Size        Id    Type
/dev/sda1                    2048                   8390655       8388608              4G           82    Linux swap /Solaris
/dev/sda2       *          8390656             976773167  968382512          461,8G   83    Linux

Device             Boot    Start                 End              Sectors                Size        Id    Type
/dev/sdb1       *           0                         1255423      1255424               613M      0     Empty
/dev/sdb2                     172                    63659           63488                   31M        ef    EFI (FAT-12/16/32)

From the above, sda is your HDD, and the sdb is your USB device where you’re going to write your Live image.

Also take a note of your partitions, you will come to need it when you’re creating the file system and mounting the root partition during the installation.

Once you’ve downloaded, verified and written the Live image to your USB device, you can move on to boot your computer from your USB.

Once your computer has successfully booted into the Live USB device, type the following into you terminal:

# cfdisk /dev/sda

This will bring up a graphical partitioning table, and will look somewhat like fig. 1 (see above). Use the Tab and arrow keys to navigate. This is assuming that you want Hyperbola installed on your HDD.

Delete all the partitions so that you only see Free Space.

Then make a new partition by choosing New and then make it Primary. Make this first partition a Swap. 1/4 of you computer’s memory should be enough. So with 8 GB of memory, your Swap would then be 2 GB. Then choose the End flag.

The rest of the space should be made Primary, then choose the Boot flag to make this partition bootable. Then choose Write and type ’yes’ to save your changes to disk. Then Quit.

You will then have something like this:

sda2 Boot  Primary  Linux
sda1             Primary  Linux  Swap / Solaris

Take note of the fact that the root partition that you soon will mount, is the bootable one (in this example the sda2) that you made from the rest of the space after creating the Swap partition.

If you’re not using an English keyboard, you can set your language by typing loadkeys followed by you language. Available keymap files can be found in /usr/share/kbd/keymaps/ (you can omit the keymap path and file extension when using loadkeys). For Swedish users, type:

# loadkeys se.

To create the ext4 file system, type:

# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2

# mkswap /dev/sda1

# swapon /dev/sda1

# mount /dev/sda2 /mnt

# pacstrap /mnt base

# genfstab -U -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab

# arch-chroot /mnt

Type:

# nano /etc/locale.gen

Now choose your locale from what language you’re using. All locales are commented out (preceded by #) by default. Uncomment (remove the #) for your choice of locale. For US English, it should look like this:

# nano /etc/locale.gen

...
#en_SG ISO-8859-1
en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
#en_US ISO-8859-1
...

After you’ve uncommented your language, run the command:

# locale-gen

Then create the /etc/locale.conf

# echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf 

Then export your chosen locale

# export LANG=en_US.UTF-8

As the locale, you need to setup the keymap in the file /etc/conf.d/keymaps:

keymap="us"

If you have an advanced usage of your keymap, you can watch the other functionalities, documented in the comments. You can find all the available keymaps in /usr/share/kbd/keymaps. Then run:

# rc-update add keymaps default

Create a symbolic link /etc/localtime to your subzone file /usr/share/zoneinfo/Zone/SubZone:

# ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Zone/SubZone /etc/localtime

Example:

# ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Oslo /etc/localtime

If you get ln: failed to create symbolic link ’/etc/localtime’: File exists, then run:

# ln -s -f /usr/share/zoneinfo/Zone/SubZone /etc/localtime

Set the hardware clock to UTC

# hwclock --systohc --utc

Usually it’s sufficient to set your hostname to localhost.

# echo localhost > /etc/hostname

Add the same hostname, i.e. localhost, to /etc/hosts.

Type:

# nano /etc/hosts

# <ip-address> <hostname.domain.org> <hostname>
127.0.0.1                localhost.localdomain     localhost localhost
::1                             localhost.localdomain     localhost localhost

Remember when you’re typing in your root password (as any password) into the terminal, it won’t show. Just carefully type in your chosen root password and repeat it when asked to.

# passwd

Finally follow these steps:

# pacman -S grub

# grub-install --target=i386-pc --recheck /dev/sda

(Here do NOT append a partition number, i.e. /dev/sdaX)

# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

# exit

# umount -R /mnt

# reboot

Remember to remove your installation medium (your USB stick) before you reboot into your system. To log in, you type root and your password.

Congratulations! You have now installed Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre onto you computer.

And now for the fun part!

You will now have to create a user and get user privileges like sudo. And of course, you will have to install your favourite Desktop Environment (DE).

⇒ Talk about Beguinners guide ⇐