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Le guide "KISS" pour commencer avec Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre.
The intention with this guide is to show a very simple way of how to boot Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre from a Live USB stick and then how to install it the easiest way possible onto your HDD. It will avoid controversies like what desktop environment is the best?, how many partitions do I need? and how many GB should my swap partition be? and so on. This guide will only provide the basic steps to get you started.
Télécharger et vérifier l'image live
Once you have downloaded the Live image as described you should verify it following these guidelines. Make sure to change your BIOS settings so that your computer will boot from your USB stick.
Graver l'image sur un support USB
If you don’t have an ISO writer, go (change directory) to the folder where you saved the downloaded Live image (probably the Downloads folder) and type the following into your terminal:
sudo dd if=hyperbola-2017.07.14-dual.iso.iso of=/dev/sdb
To find out what’s the name of the USB device, type sudo fdisk -l
You’ll probably see something like this:
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sda1 2048 8390655 8388608 4G 82 Linux swap /Solaris /dev/sda2 * 8390656 976773167 968382512 461,8G 83 Linux
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sdb1 * 0 1255423 1255424 613M 0 Empty /dev/sdb2 172 63659 63488 31M ef EFI (FAT-12/16/32)
From the above, sda is your HDD, and the sdb is your USB device where you’re going to write your Live image.
Also take a note of your partitions, you will come to need it when you’re creating the file system and mounting the root partition during the installation.
Once you’ve downloaded, verified and written the Live image to your USB device, you can move on to boot your computer from your USB.
Démarrer et installer Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre
Once your computer has successfully booted into the Live USB device, type the following into you terminal:
# cfdisk /dev/sda
This will bring up a graphical partitioning table, and will look somewhat like fig. 1 (see above). Use the Tab and arrow keys to navigate. This is assuming that you want Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre installed on your HDD.
Delete all the partitions so that you only see Free Space.
Then make a new partition by choosing New and then make it Primary. Make this first partition a Swap. 1/4 of you computer’s memory should be enough. So with 8 GB of memory, your Swap would then be 2 GB. Then choose the End flag.
The rest of the space should be made Primary, then choose the Boot flag to make this partition bootable. Then choose Write and type ’yes’ to save your changes to disk. Then Quit.
You will then have something like this:
sda2 Boot Primary Linux sda1 Primary Linux Swap / Solaris
Take note of the fact that the root partition that you soon will mount, is the bootable one (in this example the sda2) that you made from the rest of the space after creating the Swap partition.
Créer un nouveau système de fichiers
If you’re not using an English keyboard, you can set your language by typing loadkeys followed by you language. To find available keymaps, type localectl list-keymaps. For Swedish users, type:
# loadkeys se.
To create the ext4 file system, type:
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2
Activer l'espace d'échange "swap"
# mkswap /dev/sda1
# swapon /dev/sda1
Monter la partition racine
# mount /dev/sda2 /mnt
Installer le système de base
# pacstrap -i /mnt base base-devel
Générer le fichier fstab
# genfstab -U -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
Basculer sur le système de base et le configurer
# arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash
Gérer la localisation
Type:
# nano /etc/locale.gen
Now choose your locale from what language you’re using. All locales are commented out (preceded by #) by default. Uncomment (remove the #) for your choice of locale. For US English, it should look like this:
# nano /etc/locale.gen
... #en_SG ISO-8859-1 en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 #en_US ISO-8859-1 ...
After you’ve uncommented your language, run the command:
# locale-gen
Then create the /etc/locale.conf
# echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf
Then export your chosen locale
# export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
Régler le fuseau horaire
Create a symbolic link /etc/localtime to your subzone file /usr/share/zoneinfo/Zone/SubZone:
# ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Zone/SubZone /etc/localtime
Example:
# ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Oslo /etc/localtime
If you get ln: failed to create symbolic link ’/etc/localtime’: File exists, then run:
# ln -s -f /usr/share/zoneinfo/Zone/SubZone /etc/localtime
Régler l'horloge matérielle
Set the hardware clock to UTC
# hwclock --systohc --utc
Indiquer le nom d'hôte
Usually it’s sufficient to set your hostname to localhost.
# echo localhost > /etc/hostname
Add the same hostname, i.e. localhost, to /etc/hosts.
Type:
# nano /etc/hosts
# <ip-address> <hostname.domain.org> <hostname> 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost localhost ::1 localhost.localdomain localhost localhost
Choisir le mot de passe du super-utilisateur
Remember when you’re typing in your root password (as any password) into the terminal, it won’t show. Just carefully type in your chosen root password and repeat it when asked to.
# passwd
Configurer GRUB
Finally follow these steps:
# pacman -S grub os-prober
# grub-install –target=i386-pc –recheck /dev/sda
(Here do NOT append a partition number, i.e. /dev/sdaX)
# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
Démonter les partitions et redémarrer
# exit
# umount -R /mnt
# reboot
Remember to remove your installation medium (your USB stick) before you reboot into your system. To log in, you type root and your password.
Congratulations! You have now installed Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre onto you computer.
And now for the fun part!
Post-installation
You will now have to create a user and get user privileges like sudo. And of course, you will have to install your favourite Desktop Environment (DE).